Primroses are widely known among flower growers due to their brightness, decorativeness and the possibility of using them both in the garden area and among indoor flowers. Mostly popular are low-growing primroses, which look elegant on flower beds, lawns, in alpine slides.
Appearance
This flower is a primrose. It is with this word that you can express the features of a herbaceous plant. After all, the flowering period falls on winter - spring. The flower can be a perennial, biennial, or even an annual herb.... Hairy leaves of green color. The flowering of the plant is quite long, of various colors. This plant has a small flower, its diameter is only 1.5 to 4 cm, depending on the variety, it can be either single or collected in inflorescences. The fruit of a herbaceous plant in the form of a capsule.
Primrose can be both garden and home. At the same time, a beautifully flowering primrose growing in the garden can easily be made roomy, and its domestic species cannot always become garden ones.
Varieties
Having met for the first time with this primrose, the varieties of its forms and colors are striking. Primroses are distinguished by the flowering period, which appear both immediately after the melting of the snow cover, and only by the middle of summer. Currently, there are about 500 species of this primrose. Primrose varieties:
- large-cup primrose... It is more often referred to as indoor primroses.
- common primrose or it is also called stemless. This type of primrose can be planted outdoors. Primrose blooms with white, yellow, blue and even red flowers, which are located in the middle of a deciduous rosette.
spring primrose... This type of primrose can be found actively blooming in central Russia along the edges of forests, as well as in the European part of our country at the edges and forest glades. Primrose is from 10 to 30 cm high. It blooms with bright yellow flowers.- primrose soft-leaved... This is an annual. It can be up to 40 cm high, the sheets jagged along the edge are heart-shaped, oval-elliptical in shape.
- primrose chinese... This species differs in the structure of the leaves, they have jagged edges, relatively large flowers, reaching a diameter of 4 cm. They come in various colors with wavy petals.
- primrose of cus... It also blooms with yellow flowers, but they are maximum 1 cm in diameter. The leaves are serrated with a slightly mealy bloom.
- fine-toothed primrose... This type is quite popular, it is used in parks, gardens, lawns. In height, the plant can reach up to 30 cm. Its leaves are wide enough, serrated along the edge. The color of flowers is often lilac, their diameter is about 1.5 cm.
Features of cultivation and reproduction
A flower growing in the garden and at home does not cause much trouble in the care of an amateur florist. In the open ground, the primrose grows well in fertile soils. But it is important to know that the soil, which is highly fertilized, acidic, will not go for a herbaceous plant, in such conditions it weakens and can get sick. After the flowering period, it is necessary to remove the dried stalks and remove the yellowed leaves. If you want to breed primrose, then you can use the following methods.
Types of reproduction of primrose:
- the first way is to divide the bush... This type of breeding for primrose is the most preferable. It must be carried out in adult primroses (3-4 years). Before preparing for dividing, the bush of an early flowering plant must be thoroughly shed with water, then it should be dug up and carefully separated. It should be taken into account that on each part of the primrose there should be a root lobe with a couple of leaves. And plant in prepared soil.
- the second way - seed reproduction is carried out in late autumn, and the flowering period of this primrose will occur only 2 years after sowing. The seeds can be purchased in specialized stalls, they are small and often, opening the bag, they can be confused with particles of earth. First you need to prepare a container for sowing with sandy-deciduous soil, sow over the soil, without sprinkling the seeds with anything. The prepared container should be covered with plastic foil and the crops should be protected from sunlight. Already after 3 weeks, the appearance of the first shoots can be observed.
Fertilizing primrose
Primrose does not need constant feeding, it is enough just to properly prepare the soil before planting the plant. Soil preparation:
- loosen thoroughly.
- add organic ones - peat, compost, manure, which has already been overcooked - about 2 buckets per 1 m2 of land.
- fertilize with mineral mixtures about 200 g per 1 m2. With this soil preparation, fertilizers under a flower up to 4 years old do not need to be applied.
Lighting and temperature for primrose
This flower loves bright enough light, but so that there are no direct rays of the sun, partial shade and shade will be comfortable for the primrose. For indoor primroses, windows from the western and eastern sides can be excellent. During the period when the plant begins to bloom, it needs a temperature of 12 to 16 C, so this time for the primrose will last longer.
Watering
During flowering, the plant needs abundant watering, but be sure to watch so that there is no stagnation. During normal periods, water should be done after the top of the soil dries. Watering is carried out with settled water at room temperature. Also, during watering, you should try not to wet the leaves in order to avoid their defeat.
Distillation
Thanks to this method, the primrose can be made to bloom in indoor conditions. As a rule, 2-year-old seedlings are used for forcing primrose. On the eve of the first frosts, primrose must be dug from the garden area with a large earthen clod and brought to the basement, planting in a box or pot.
The optimum temperature for the primrose during this period will be from 4 to 8 C... It is not necessary to water it. By the end of January, our plant should be brought home and watered. After active growth, the primrose should bloom, this will happen around the beginning of March or a little earlier. When the primrose fades, it is planted again in the garden area. This bush is used for re-forcing only after 2 years.
Diseases and pests that appear in primrose
Primrose is susceptible to a variety of diseases and pests. Diseases and pests affecting primrose:
- aphid, spider mite, whitefly... When these pests appear, the plant is treated with insecticides.
- if the conditions in the room are not suitable for the primrose, then the rotting of the root system begins... This is manifested by dried leaves, falling buds, flowers. It is also possible the appearance of brownish spots on the leaves. A primrose that is planted in the garden area can contract diseases from neighboring flowers. Such as:
- powdery mildew... A whitish plaque is formed on the leaves - late blight. Rotting of the root system occurs - stem, root rot. The signs of this disease are yellowed leaves, and then the whole plant turns yellow completely.
- gray rot... Large watery specks appear at the base of the leaves. If this happens, then it is necessary to carry out treatment, if treatment is no longer possible, then remove the primrose.
Primrose flowers are a great decoration for alpine slides, as well as artificial reservoirs, this flowering plant will look good in indoor conditions. Depending on the species, the same flower can be grown both in garden areas and at home. In addition, this beautiful primrose is not very picky about care, and will not cause incredible trouble to its owner. Having decided to purchase this beautiful person, the primrose will give a lot of pleasant emotions from the incredible beauty and subtle aroma of a wonderful primrose.
