Features of growing early white cabbage in Russia

White cabbage is a common and favorite vegetable in our country. This culture can often be found in personal plots, as the plant is unpretentious, frost-resistant, with a powerful root system, although it loves humid air and long daylight hours. Early, medium and late varieties are distinguished by early maturity. We offer you to get acquainted with the varieties of early white cabbage and the peculiarities of its cultivation in various climatic zones of Russia.

Distinctive features

Eating fresh cabbage is the best way to get your first vitamins after a long winter period. Early vegetables are tasty, juicy, with delicate leaves, although they are not stored for a long time. Heads of cabbage are small, friable, easily cracked, unsuitable for fermentation. The color of the plants is bright, light green. The ripening period for early cabbage varieties is 90-120 days, for hybrids - 70-100 days.

Early ripening white cabbage varieties are juicy, with tender leaves

Best early white cabbage

Experienced gardeners and farmers prefer to grow versatile varieties.

Universal varieties

Their main characteristics include the unpretentiousness of plants to weather conditions and frost resistance.

Early white cabbage Golden hectare is widely known to the gardeners of our country

Cabbage "Golden Hectare" is dense, light green in color. This variety is early, so it is used for salads, eaten fresh, and first and second courses are prepared from it.

Table: universal varieties of cabbage

June cabbage is not intended for long storage; it is suitable for fresh salads, stewing, and frying. She has a loose, loose head of cabbage and thin, delicate leaves. Salads made from this cabbage are juicy and tasty, in contrast to the dryish, dense leaves of mid-season and late varieties.

Let's take a closer look at some of these varieties.

June

Early ripe cabbage. The growing season is 90–110 days. Growing zone - all regions of Russia, Moldova, Ukraine.

June cabbage variety is grown in all regions of Russia

Features of the variety:

• Compact rosette up to 40-50 cm.
• Leaves are light green, semi-raised.
• Round head of cabbage, medium density. Little prone to cracking.
• Amicable ripening of vegetables.
• Withstands frosts down to -5 °.
• It is resistant to the invasion of the cruciform flea beetle and cabbage fly.

My constant choice for many years - white cabbage "June". I regularly try seeds of various new varieties, including those marked F1. So far, I have not found a better old and proven variety.

Video: growing June cabbage in Bashkiria

Number one Gribovsky 147

The variety is early maturing. The ripening period from sowing for seedlings to harvesting is 100-110 days. Zoned throughout the territory of the Russian Federation.

White cabbage variety Gribovsky 147 is zoned throughout Russia

Main characteristics:

• Medium size cabbage rosette 40–80 cm.
• Green leaves with a slight waxy bloom, half-raised.
• The head of cabbage is round, short-oval with a delicate inner structure. Susceptible to cracking.
• Amicable ripening of vegetables.
• The variety is drought and frost resistant.
• Susceptible to keel and vascular bacteriosis.

Transfer

This is an early hybrid. The ripening period is 90-100 days. Recommended for cultivation in all climatic zones of Russia.

Early Transfer Hybrid has proven itself well in home gardens across the country

The originality of the variety:

• Cabbage rosette is compact up to 40 cm.
• The leaves are light green, semi-raised, bubbly with a slight waxy coating.
• The head of cabbage is round, loose. Not prone to cracking.
• Withstands frosts down to -5 °.
• Well transported.
• Resistant to diseases and pests.

Popular varieties in the regions of Russia

But there are also specially bred cabbage varieties for different climatic zones.

Variety No. 1 Polar K-206 was developed specifically for regions with an unstable cold climate

In our country, there are 342 varieties and hybrids of this culture. We invite you to get acquainted with popular varieties that have been tested in local conditions and have shown good results.

Table: zoned white cabbage

I planted different varieties of early cabbage, but the Tochka variety was the most successful. I recommend this variety for planting.

Video: a review of new varieties and hybrids of early white cabbage

Major seed producers

The market offers a wide range of vegetables, flowers and herbs To ensure the high quality of their products, the companies have their own full-cycle production: from growing plants to packaging and storing seeds.You can buy it both in online stores and on the shelves of retail outlets throughout the country.

Aelita, Manul, Gavrish, SeDeK, Poisk, Russkiy Ogorod-NK, Akvarel - the main seed producers in Russia

Purchase high-quality seed from manufacturers and their authorized dealers. The following agricultural firms are widely known in Russia: Aelita, Manul, Gavrish, SeDeK, Poisk, Russkiy Ogorod-NK, Akvarel, etc.

This year, almost all the purchased seeds please me, even if not all germinate, but they are very fruitful. And the seeds of white cabbage NADEZHDA (produced by SedeK, Russia) were remembered for the fact that their germination rate was 100 percent, that is, the manufacturer packaged high-quality seeds in beautiful bags and later they were stored correctly in the store. It's nice!

I have been planting seeds of the Prestige firm for 3 years now. All characteristics indicated on the package are fully true. I planted both peppers of this company and tomatoes. Everything succeeded. And most of all I like their cabbage varieties. Colored is always large and dense. White cabbage also pleases with the quality of the head. I especially like the Nozomi variety. It is the earliest of all white cabbage varieties.

I grow cabbage every season. I've already tried a lot of varieties. This variety pleased me with its high yield and resistance to a number of diseases. Cabbage seeds "Tochka" from the Russian vegetable garden company sprout well.

The originality of planting early cabbage

To obtain an early harvest, white cabbage is grown by the seedling method, which avoids frosts and shortens its ripening period by 45-60 days before transplanting into open ground.

To obtain an early harvest, white cabbage is grown by the seedling method

Main steps

1. Preparation of a nutrient mixture, a fertile and breathable base. It is better not to use the soil from garden beds due to possible infections and diseases.
2. Disinfection of the earth (spill the soil with a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate).
3. Processing of planting material (warm up the seeds for 20 minutes in water at a temperature of + 50 °).
4. Sowing (independently calculate the optimal planting time for your area).
5. Thinning seedlings or picking seedlings when real leaves appear.
6. Regular watering of cabbage. Humidify with a spray bottle.
7. Illumination of seedlings up to 12-15 hours a day. Conduct fertilizing with mineral and organic fertilizers.
8. Hardening of plants. Ventilation of premises.
9. Prevention of infectious diseases. If the first signs are found, remove damaged seedlings!

Table: favorable sowing dates for early cabbage in the regions

For a more accurate calculation of the sowing time, I use the countdown method and calculate the specific time of planting seeds for seedlings based on the selected variety, taking into account the 4-6 days required for the first shoots of cabbage to appear. For example, I calculate the exact sowing date of the Nozomi F1 variety with a growing season of 90 days and a harvest date of June 20 as follows: 06.20- (90 + 6) = March 15. Sow seeds for seedlings on time!

It takes 4-6 days for the first shoots of white cabbage to appear

The cultivation of cabbage by the seedling method is popular in our country, since in many regions there is an unstable climate with variable weather conditions, cold snaps and even frosts. It is used in the Moscow region and Siberia, in the Urals and the Far East. Remember that a good harvest starts with strong and healthy seedlings! The seedless method (direct sowing of seeds into the ground) is used when growing early white cabbage in the southern and southeastern regions.

Direct sowing of cabbage seeds into the ground is used in the southern regions of our country

Features of cultivation

This crop is planted in well-lit, open areas with neutral soil acidity. Planting scheme for early varieties 45 × 25 cm. The best predecessors are onions, pumpkin and legumes.

Let's consider the possible methods in detail.

Greenhouse cabbage

The preparatory steps for seed and soil processing are standard. However, it is important to know some of the features of this method:

Growing white cabbage in a greenhouse is used to get an early harvest

• We sow early varieties at the end of February at + 20 + 25 °.
• We use a 3 × 1 cm scheme, planting depth 1 cm.
• When seedlings appear, lower the temperature to + 10 °.
• In two weeks, the optimum temperature is + 17 + 18 ° during the day and + 9 ° at night.
• We pick seedlings or thin out the seedlings.
• We feed with standard mineral and organic fertilizers.
• In early April, if there are 3-4 leaves, we transplant the cabbage to a permanent place in protected ground (hotbeds or greenhouses).
• Water consumption rate - 8 l per 1 m².
• We ventilate the room every other day.
• After three weeks, we carry out hilling of the plants, we repeat the procedure after 10 days.

Remember, the seedlings of this crop don't like shading! The main rule is to observe the temperature regime so that the vegetables do not stretch, but grow and develop.

Video: sowing cabbage for seedlings in a greenhouse

Features of breeding in the Moscow region and central Russia

1. Sowing seeds for seedlings in a greenhouse is carried out at the beginning of April to a depth of 0.5 cm at a temperature of + 16 + 18 °.
2. At the age of 7-9 days, we make a pick.
3. We feed with mineral and organic fertilizers.
4. We water 1-2 times a week.
5. We ventilate the room every other day.
6. We transplant seedlings into open ground in mid-May.
   

   In the Moscow region, we transplant cabbage seedlings into open ground in mid-May

The originality of cultivation in Siberia and the Urals

You can get the harvest of early cabbage in this climatic zone earlier than in the open field by cultivating plants in closed ground:

• In film greenhouses with heating - 39 days ahead of schedule.
• In unheated rooms - for 22 days.
• In greenhouses - for 10 days.
  

  Growing cabbage in greenhouses allows you to harvest ahead of time

Landing features are as follows:

1. We plant seedlings in heated greenhouses at the age of 35–45 days, and in greenhouses without heating and in greenhouses - 45–55 days.
2. Terms: in the first decade of April, we plant the plants in heated rooms, in the third decade of April - without heating and in greenhouses.
3. Planting scheme: 25 × 45 cm.
4. We transplant into open ground at the age of 55-60 days at the end of May.
   

   Transplanting cabbage in Siberia and the Urals is carried out at the age of 55-60 days at the end of May

Create tall or warm beds

Using this method will allow you to grow cabbage in household plots where groundwater is close. It is this feature that is characteristic of the soils of the Northwestern region of Russia, Siberia and the Urals. In addition, it is more convenient to care for such plantings.

The technology is simple:

1. Create a box of slate, bricks or wooden boards (be sure to treat it against decay). Recommended sizes: height from 40 cm to 100 cm, width - 1-1.5 m, any length.
   

   Create a box of slate, bricks or wooden planks for a warm bed

2. Remove a 40 cm layer of earth if the bed is deep.
   

   Remove the top layer of earth for the organization of buried beds

3. Filling the beds with deepening: the first layer is branches and twigs of trees, the second is foliage, paper and cardboard, the last is plant remains, food waste, bark and sawdust. Each layer is sprinkled with earth, compacted and watered.
   

   The scheme of filling the beds with deepening

4. Filling without deepening: cover the bottom with a mesh to protect it from rodents, lay out a drainage layer of wood waste, then place geotextiles and cover with a fertile layer of soil with hydrogel.
5. Plant plants, water and mulch with straw, hay or covering material.
   

   Cover a high bed with agrofibre or mulch the soil with straw

Do not apply fertilizer for the first 2-3 years, just add fertile soil.

The disadvantages include: the necessary abundant watering of the entire garden bed and sowing green manure before winter after harvesting.

Growing under film

Despite the fact that cabbage is an unpretentious and frost-resistant plant, the planted young seedlings of early cabbage should be protected from temperature changes and frost. To do this, use the method of planting under the film:

1. Create supports for the covering material or film.
   

   When planting cabbage under a film, create supports for the covering material

2. Plant the cabbage in open ground. Drizzle. Mulch the soil.
3. Cover the seedlings with plastic wrap or other material.
4. Moisturize 2-3 times a week.
5. Remove the shelter after 3-4 weeks.
6. Loosen the ground, water and sprinkle the cabbage.
   

   After removing the shelter, loosen the ground, water and huddle the cabbage

The use of this planting method will surprise you with the ease of cultivation and protect the plants from parasites and pests.

The use of this planting method will surprise you with the ease of cultivation and protect plants from parasites and pests.

Landing in open ground

The bed must be dug up, weeds selected, loosened. If the soils are acidic, slaked lime and dolomite flour should be added in the fall in an amount of 200/400 g / m²... Do not forget to take care of the fertility of the soil: add organic matter to the soil at the rate of one bucket of rotted manure per 1 m².

I would like to draw your attention to the hardening of seedlings before planting them in open ground. From my experience, I can note that I start acclimatization activities two to three weeks before the transfer date. I grow seedlings in a greenhouse. My secrets of the stage-by-stage hardening of plants: firstly, if the air temperature is + 15 ° and above, I urgently start airing within 15 minutes. Every week I double my time. Secondly, when at night the temperature stops dropping below + 8 °, I open the vents for the whole day. And finally, two weeks before planting in the ground, I leave the greenhouse doors and windows open throughout the day. This hardens the cabbage, helps it quickly get used to and get used to the environment.

The landing technology is simple:

1. We make holes in a bed 15–20 cm in diameter and 8–15 cm deep.
   

   For planting cabbage in open ground, make holes with a diameter of 15-20 cm and a depth of 8-15 cm

2. We place the plant in the center, fill it with earth to the very leaves. We compact the soil.
   

   Place the seedlings in the center of the hole and cover it with earth.

3. Pour the cabbage with warm water at room temperature. Norm: 1 liter per plant.
   

   Water the planted cabbage with warm water at room temperature

4. We sprinkle the seedlings and mulch with humus.
   

   Do not forget to spud cabbage seedlings

Video: planting seedlings in the ground

Cabbage care

Particular attention should be paid to some of the nuances of growing this crop.

Top dressing

To obtain healthy and strong plants, three mineral dressings at the seedling stage are enough.

Table: basic dressing of cabbage seedlings

It so happens that the leaves of the seedlings begin to turn yellow. In this case, I immediately water the cabbage with a solution of rotted manure in a ratio of 1:10. Which is a good organic food.

Experts recommend feeding the cabbage 3-4 times after transplanting it into the open ground, alternating the application of mineral fertilizers with organic ones. It is better to combine top dressing with watering. At the stage of heading formation, we carry out the last fertilization.

Watering

Cabbage loves moisture, but this does not mean that it needs to be constantly poured. The earth must not dry up... The rate of water consumption for the development and growth of plants is 1-2 liters 3-4 times a week, during the formation of heads of cabbage - 3-4 liters. Pay attention to cloudy and rainy days, during which watering is halved or not at all. We stop moisturizing 5-7 days before harvesting early vegetables.

Cabbage loves constant watering and loosening the soil

Treatment against diseases and pests

The most common infection is blackleg, which can kill crops during the seedling stage. In this case, the root collar is depleted and rotted. At the first sign, we remove damaged plants! We spray the soil with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid, copper sulfate or spill it with pink potassium permanganate, and dust the cabbage with wood ash.

Blackleg can kill cabbage at the seedling stage

To combat the "black rot" known to many, biological preparations Trichodermin will help (for spraying and watering at the root, take 1 g per 1 liter of water, consumption of 0.3 liters per plant every two weeks) or Planriz (0.5% solution).

After planting cabbage in the ground for the prevention of diseases, it is recommended to treat the plants with a solution of whey with water in a ratio of 1:10.

Known pests of white cabbage are cabbage aphid, cruciferous flea beetle and cabbage fly.

Cabbage aphid sticks to leaves and stems, damaging them

Cabbage aphid sticks to leaves and stems, damaging them, the fruits are small and deformed. To combat it, it is effective to plant pungent herbs (lavender, marigolds, calendula, oregano, basil, sage, wormwood, etc.) nearby in the garden bed, from which infusions are made and sprayed 1–4 times a day. Or you can drag down the plants with wood ash.

The cruciferous flea is very insidious. These are small black beetles with a shimmering blue-green shell that feed on plant juices. Vague yellowish spots form on the leaves and stem, and the cabbage withers. "Right" neighbors in the garden will help to cope with these pests.

"Smart" neighbors in the garden will help to cope with the invasion of a cruciferous flea

The cabbage fly causes great damage. Its larvae eat away the roots and fruits from the inside. The plant abruptly stops in development, withers and dies. To prevent the appearance of a cabbage fly, the soil in the garden bed is dusted with a mixture of tobacco dust with naphthalene, ash or camphor.

Great harm is caused by the cabbage fly, the larvae of which eat vegetables from the inside.

From personal experience, I can note that today I plant plants on my personal plot, mixing different vegetables, flowers and herbs. Thus, I get combined plantings from the main crops and additional crops, which create a favorable environment, increase resistance to diseases and even affect the taste of the fruit. Thus, the soil is protected from weeds and drying out, the number of pests is significantly reduced, since the smell of strong-smelling neighbors scares away insects. I plant lavender, marigolds, calendula, oregano, basil, sage, wormwood and peppermint along the edges of the beds and around the garden perimeter. In addition, it creates an ideal refuge for predatory insects, spiders and frogs that feed on pests. This does not mean that they disappear completely, the main thing is that they do not cause tangible damage. Last year I was once again convinced that early white cabbage and tomatoes, tomatoes and celery, beans and potatoes feel good next to it. I recommend everyone to try growing vegetables using the stacked planting method.

Having got acquainted with the early white cabbage, the originality of its planting and care in different regions of our country, you can decide and choose the variety that is suitable for cultivation in your area, taking into account many features, subtleties and secrets.

Related entries:

All types of cabbage: description, the best varieties and seed producers

Cauliflower: the best varieties for different regions, reliable seed producers

June white cabbage - a time-tested ultra-early variety